The Bahamas: From Majority Rule to a Minority Mentality

From Majority Rule to a Minority State of Mind

The Bahamas, a nation born from the triumph of Majority Rule, is now being quietly governed by minority participation.  The very principle that defined our national identity—rule by the many—has weakened into a habit of rule by the few.

By Rick Fox
Nassau, N.P., The Bahamas

In the days following the Golden Isles by-election, Parliamentary Commissioner Harrison Thompson admitted officials were “baffled” by what they witnessed.  More than 4,000 registered voters stayed home—four thousand Bahamian voices absent from the democratic table.

This isn’t normal.  This isn’t healthy.  And this certainly isn’t The Bahamas our parents and grandparents fought to build.

It is a warning.

The Bahamas, a nation born from the triumph of Majority Rule, is now being quietly governed by minority participation.  The very principle that defined our national identity—rule by the many—has weakened into a habit of rule by the few.

We once fought to break away from minority governance.  Now, by apathy, we are drifting right back into it.

The Grandfathers of the Nation 

Honored, Respected, But Wrong About Today

Few leaders have shaped modern Bahamian democracy more than Prime Minister Philip “Brave” Davis—affectionately known as “Daddy”—and former Prime Minister Hubert Alexander Ingraham, the nation’s “Papa.”  They governed in a time when Bahamians turned out in large numbers, when the civic spirit was alive, when Majority Rule felt like an inheritance that could never be lost.

Their leadership deserves respect.  But respectfully, they are applying yesterday’s confidence to today’s crisis.

Papa Ingraham recently said, “You can’t steal an election in The Bahamas.”  Daddy Davis has projected similar assurance, confident that all is steady; that all is well.

But the numbers tell a different story.

With 4,000 voters staying home and only 25% of the electorate determining a parliamentary seat, it is clear that everything is not fine.  Elections today are not being stolen by corruption, they are being stolen by apathy.

The people are not being silenced.  The people are silencing themselves.  That is a threat unlike anything our national fathers ever had to confront.

The 25% Problem and The Quiet Collapse of Majority Rule

In Golden Isles, a candidate did not need half the votes to win.  They only needed a quarter.

Imagine four people sitting at a table, and only one person deciding whether the other three get to eat.  That is not democracy.  That is Minority Rule by default, disguised in the shell of a Majority Rule system.

Apathy made the decision.  Apathy filled the seat.  Apathy now shapes our future more than the electorate does.

If nothing changes, apathy will steal the 2026 General Election—boldly, openly, and without resistance.

The Biblical Consequence of Not Showing Up

Exodus 20:12 instructs us: “Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land the Lord your God gives you.”

This is more than a household command.  It is a national one.

Our mothers and fathers, the generation who delivered Majority Rule paid a price so that the many could decide.  But when thousands stay home and a minority chooses for the majority, we dishonor that sacrifice.  We weaken the foundation they built.  We shorten the lifespan of the society they secured.  Not by curse, but by consequence.

No nation survives when its people stop showing up for it.

The Bahamas Calls Itself a Christian Nation.  But Where Is Our Discipline?

Every Bahamian child knows this line: “Get ready—you're going to church.”  Church was not optional.  It was discipline, Duty and Expectation.  That same discipline is now needed in our democracy.

Voting must become cultural again.  Voting must become expected.  Voting must become a mandate of service, rooted in the same values that shaped us in church.

A democracy cannot stand on 25%, and a nation cannot survive on silence.

A Call to the Pastors of the Nation

When nations face danger, their spiritual leaders must speak, not to endorse parties, but to awaken responsibility.  Isaiah 58:1 says: “Cry aloud, spare not.”

This is such a moment.  Pastors must call on Daddy, Papa, and all political leaders to stand together, not in competition, but in unity before an election date is set, and address this crisis at its root.

This is not politics.  This is stewardship.

The Path Forward: Restore Majority Rule in Practice, Not Just in Memory

If we want the Bahamas to remain a nation governed by the many, not the few, we must modernize and reinforce our democratic practices.

1. Stream the Vote

Let every Bahamian watch the process in real time.  Transparency builds trust.  Trust builds turnout.  Turnout restores Majority Rule.

2. National Civic Duty Day

A once-every-five-year paid holiday for voting.  A day dedicated to civic responsibility, just as Sundays were dedicated to church.  A day that transforms voting from an inconvenience into an expectation.

Make voting a habit. Make voting a duty.  Make voting Bahamian.

The Grandchildren Must Grow Up, and show Up

Here is the truth: We are the grandchildren of Majority Rule.  We didn’t march for it.  We didn’t fight for it.  But we inherited it.

And now it is slipping, not because someone took it, but because we have stopped showing up to protect it.

If we want a Bahamas worthy of the next generation, and if we want a future we can proudly claim there is only one path forward:

We must grow up.  We must stand up.  We must show up now.

Our vote is not merely a right - it is our inheritance.  It is the last piece of power placed directly into our hands by the generation that fought before us.

Every time we stay home, we hand that inheritance away.

Our grandparents carried this country.  Daddy and Papa fought their battles.  Now it’s our turn.

No more waiting.  No more watching.  No more wishing someone older would fix what is now ours to repair.

Grow up, stand up, and show up.  This is our generation’s responsibility - our generation’s Majority Rule moment.

Final Call: 

Reject the Minority Mindset and restore the Bahamian Majority.

Apathy is winning.  Apathy is shrinking our democracy.  Apathy is reversing what our ancestors built.

But we can stop this.  We have the duty, we have the power, and we have the moment - for our fathers, mothers, children; and for the future of The Bahamas.

The Bahamas will belong to all Bahamians, but only if all Bahamians show up.

Source / Comment

One thing that should be understood... is that the Free National Movement (FNM) is not a dead horse... ...After the 1997 general election – when Hubert Ingraham and the FNM won 57.6 per cent of the vote with a turnout of 92 per cent – commentators were convinced that the Progressive Liberal Party (PLP) was headed straight for "the boneyard." ...The victory was so great that concerns were raised about the future of our two-party democracy ... even The Tribune feared the FNM would be so powerful that it could “lose its balance”

Looking To A Future After Ingraham

TOUGH CALL

By Larry Smith

SO Hubert Alexander Ingraham has been forced to exit, stage left – and just as his personality cult was kicking in big time.

A few days ago, a documentary “chronicling the life, upbringing, and achievements of the prime minister” began airing on television. The film focuses on “Ingraham’s inspirational journey from humble beginnings to the highest public office in service of the people”.

We hear that the impetus for this project came from the FNM's campaign consultants, but in my view it was entirely inappropriate for a sitting prime minister. That’s the sort of propaganda thing Lynden Pindling did without batting an eye when I was a junior writer at the Bahamas News Bureau in the 1970s and 80s. It’s not the sort of thing I would have expected Hubert Ingraham to endorse in the 21st century.

Unfortunately, the film climaxed an out-of-control “Papa” campaign played out to the tune of “Simply the Best” that had to have turned off some voters. I can understand the FNM’s fixation on the papa theme. They tried to turn a derisive label into a term of support (as they had successfully done with Pindling’s earlier taunt about Ingraham being a “delivery boy”). But I think the current effort was way over the top and backfired badly when combined with “Ingraham fatigue”.

Of course, Ingraham has been down and out before – in 2002, when the entire FNM cabinet was wiped out. But this time there will be no return – age and circumstance will see to that. It will be up to the FNM rump in the House of Assembly to choose a new leader from the nine, mostly new, MPs left standing. Dr Hubert Minnis and Loretta Butler Turner stand out from this reduced line-up.

In addition to doing the right thing and resigning as party leader, Ingraham also said he would not take up his North Abaco seat, throwing the FNM into an immediate leadership quandary at a point when most of the party’s second tier leaders – like Tommy Turnquest, Carl Bethel, Dion Foulkes and Zhivago Laing – have been turfed out. Presumably, their political careers are now over.

Ironically (and sadly for some), Ingraham’s retirement from public life came only one day after he asked the Bahamian people to give him a final chance to complete “the work of my lifetime”, by re-electing the FNM to a fourth non-consecutive term.

The prime minister was known to be grooming Abaconians to eventually replace him in the constituency that has elected him seven times before, but a potential successor may not have much interest in contesting a bye-election under the current circumstances. And although Hubert Minnis will likely become leader of the opposition in parliament, it is still unclear who the FNM Council will settle on as party leader.

One thing that should be understood is that the FNM is not a dead horse. After the 1997 election – when Ingraham and the FNM won 57.6 per cent of the vote with a turnout of 92 per cent – commentators were convinced that the PLP was headed straight for "the boneyard." The victory was so great that concerns were raised about the future of our two-party democracy – even The Tribune feared the FNM would be so powerful that it could “lose its balance”.

And within days of the election, Sir Lynden added to the PLP’s despair by stepping down after 32 years as party leader. That was only five years after the party had suffered its first and only major defeat in a quarter century of absolute ascendancy under Pindling’s leadership. But it was only five years before it won a stunning landslide upset in 2002.

Back then, an electorate of 145,000 gave Christie’s PLP 51.7 per cent of the vote to the FNMs 40.8 per cent, with a turnout of 89 per cent.

Only seven FNM MPs retained their seats. And to make matters worse, three FNMs who had split with the party over the leadership struggle were returned as independents, an unprecedented turn of events.

Nevertheless, Ingraham was able to lead the party to a hard-fought victory in 2007 despite unprecedented prosperity.

The complete 2012 election results were not available when this was written. They will require careful parsing over the next several days, but one factor stands out sharply at this stage. The DNA, formed just a year ago after Bran McCartney’s rift with Ingraham, drew more than 10,000 votes and effectively threw several seats to the PLP, without itself coming close to winning a single constituency.

As one insider put it, “in the 2007 election, 10 seats were decided by less than 100 votes. When you add the DNA to that mix the 2012 result is what you get”.

That may be putting it too strongly. But FNM supporters could be forgiven for considering this election as eerily reminiscent of the party’s internecine wars of the 1970s and 80s, which kept them out of power until 1992.

So the DNA’s singular achievement may have been its role in driving Hubert Ingraham into retirement. At the same time, it has forced the FNM to deal head on with its leadership succession. And we should remember that the lop-sided seat spread (28 to 10) doesn't reflect the same degree of disparity in terms of actual votes. In other words, the FNM still commands huge support throughout the country, and only a few percentage points divide the two parties.

The other consequence is that Perry Christie (who refused to bow out gracefully after his 2007 defeat) has been given a new lease on his political life, and the PLP has managed to reschedule its inevitable leadership struggle into the vague medium-term future. Still, it is very likely that Christie will be in the same boat as Ingraham once was once his term draws to a close.

Ingraham’s swan song as prime minister was a time of immense progress and much-needed infrastructural investment. But the fall-out from the Great Recession also made it a time of economic stress for average Bahamians, who expressed their discomfort by voting in sufficient numbers against the party in power.

Christie’s response at the PLP’s Clifford Park victory rally on Monday night was to remark on the “wonderful journey we've been on”, to note that “the storm is now over”, and to promise that his government would actually “perform” this time.

This election could be considered “a choice between the devil you know, and the devil you know who don't do nothing,” as one wag put it. But Ingraham's hardline style trumped Christie's lackadaisical record in the minds of many voters this time around.

If there is one conclusion we can draw from this election, it is this: “Both political parties have their good times and bad times, only they have them at different times.”

That is a quote from the American writer Will Rogers, referring to American politics.

Now let’s see what happens with BTC and BPC.

May 09, 2012

tribune242

The peaceful election of May 7 ...and the quick and orderly selection of a new opposition leader ...demonstrate that the Bahamian democracy, despite our many problems as a country ...is in decent shape

The new opposition leader

thenassauguardian editorial

The 2012 general election was a moment of change.  It began the era of new political leaders who were not members of Sir Lynden Pindling’s Cabinet.

Hubert Ingraham lost the election.  So he went first.  Perry Christie’s time as a leader is too nearing an end.  He will be the last of Sir Lynden’s direct protégés to be prime minister.

Last night, the FNM elected its new leader in Parliament, Dr. Hubert Minnis, who will serve as the leader of the opposition.  Dr. Minnis is an obstetrician and gynecologist and a businessman.  He was first elected to the House of Assembly in 2007 for the Killarney constituency and was reelected to that seat on Monday.  Dr. Minnis is one of only three Free National Movement (FNM) members to win a seat in New Providence.

The new opposition leader has the reputation of being a hard worker as an MP and is liked and respected by FNMs, and quite a few supporters of the Progressive Liberal Party (PLP).  His hardest task will be convincing FNMs that the world did not come to an end on Monday.  And, it did not.

The FNM won about 42 percent of the vote.  That’s not bad.  If 200 votes per constituency here and there swung the other way, the FNM would be the government.

The FNM has to analyze why it lost.  It must do research, real scientific research and not “the boys” sitting in a restaurant talking, to determine what happened.  When that is known, the party can begin to craft a message.

Dr. Minnis came out swinging last night at FNM headquarters.  He said one of his first tasks as opposition leader is to investigate claims of victimization by the PLP.

“We're going to look at everything they do,” he said.

“I’ve already been informed that individuals, Bahamians...who have had contracts to build houses and do other things within this Bahamas, have already had their contracts removed.

“They’ve not been in office more than two days yet and they have already started victimizing Bahamians, yet they say Bahamians first.  So we will aggressively pursue that and other matters we’ve heard of.”

Dr. Minnis is doing what an opposition leader should do.  He is opposing and asking questions regarding the conduct of the government.  If other FNMs rise from the bed of sorrow and assist the new opposition leader, the party may bounce back quicker than expected.

The FNM will have a leadership contest at the end of this month.  At this stage and with this appointment by the party, Dr. Minnis is the frontrunner to replace Ingraham who has already tendered his resignation, which will take effect at the convention.

The peaceful election of May 7 and the quick and orderly selection of a new opposition leader demonstrate that the Bahamian democracy, despite our many problems as a country, is in decent shape.

May 10, 2012

thenassauguardian editorial

Caribbean Blog International

Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham: During the past 38 years of National independence, we have evolved from a small colony on the periphery of the British Empire into a vibrant democracy and international business centre; proud of our social and political stability and determined to broaden economic opportunities for every citizen

Our evolution into a vibrant democracy

tribune242



PRIME Minister Hubert Ingraham yesterday wished all Bahamians a happy and safe independence weekend.

In a statement issued yesterday, Mr Ingraham said: "During the past 38 years we have evolved from a small colony on the periphery of the British Empire into a vibrant democracy and international business centre, proud of our social and political stability and determined to broaden economic opportunities for every citizen.

"Our success to date is manifested in the fact that we enjoy one of the highest per capita incomes among countries in the Americas."

Nevertheless, the prime minister added, in recent years the Bahamas, like much of the rest of the world, has endured economic hardships as a result of the global economic recession.

He said: "In the face of such adversity we responded in ways reflective of the theme of this year's anniversary celebrations (38 years - United in Love and Service).

"We preserved public sector jobs, increased social assistance programmes, introduced an unemployment benefit, implemented a short term jobs programme, implemented a jobs training programme and accelerated planned infrastructure projects so as to improve service to the Bahamian people while protecting private sector jobs and serving as a catalyst for more job creation."

Mr Ingraham said these initiatives are now being expanded to include new job readiness training, a new jobs creation programme and special targeted initiatives to support small and medium size businesses.

He said these will contribute to the country's planned return to economic prosperity as the world economy and that of the Bahamas continues to recover.

The prime minister added: "Sadly, our celebration of this 38th anniversary of nationhood is marred by a continued high incidence of crime.

"While the government has mounted a multifaceted response to the problem it is increasingly important that all Bahamians unite in sending a clear message to the small minority of persons who break our social contract of good neighbourliness and who choose to live outside of the law, that we will neither tolerate nor excuse their criminal behaviour.
Reflect
"In this regard, we should all recall and reflect upon the important role that the extended family and the neighbourhood have played in our development as a people who are open and welcoming, who share easily and who believe that service is a virtue.

"As is my custom, I wish to once again use this year's Independence Day Message to thank all those who serve our people throughout the year, those in the private sector, in our churches and civic organisations, and throughout the public sector. I wish also to acknowledge and thank all those who work in our diplomatic, tourism and maritime services internationally.

"Many of them will celebrate independence at their overseas post where they pursue our country's interests internationally. I acknowledge their sacrifice and thank them for their continued service to our country.

"We will face many challenges in the year ahead: achieving economic recovery and expansion, protecting our environment from degradation in the face of climate change and sea level rise, safeguarding the supply and cost of energy and of food and winning our war on crime.

"We are a hardy people, self-reliant and bolstered by a long tradition of resourcefulness and self-reliance. So as we celebrate this 38th anniversary of our independence we recall those qualities.

"Fellow Bahamians, on this special national anniversary I extend my very best for a happy and safe Independence Day and pray God's blessings upon our nation and upon each and every one of us."

July 09, 2011

tribune242

Caribbean Blog International

Voting is an important part of the democratic process... However, voting should not be confused with democracy

Does it matter if you vote?

thenassauguardian editorial



Interesting debates always emerge when the question is posed as to whether or not citizens living in democracies should feel obligated to vote.

Most democracies were fought for. People who campaigned for freedom, self-governance and civil rights were jailed, some were murdered, some were beaten and many others were victimized. Some of these fights were actual wars.

In this context, we all should take the vote seriously. It is not a right, but a gift fought for by those who came before us.

As we all sit and evaluate the political parties and independent candidates who will offer for public office in the run-up to the next general election, we should make every effort to determine if there is someone on the ballot good enough to vote for.

Those who do not think there is anyone good enough to vote for should consider entering the race or the political process.

But if the ballot is filled with poor candidates, what should a voter do? Should voters feel compelled to vote?

No, they should not. Voting is an important part of the democratic process. However, voting should not be confused with democracy. Democracy is about self-governance. As citizens, we have a responsibility to do this everyday – not just every five years.

By working at a charity, providing assistance to the homeless, democracy is at work; by volunteering as a mentor at a school, democracy is at work; by raising an educated, hardworking law-abiding citizen, democracy is at work.

So for those who think there is no reasonable offering to vote for at the next general election, you should rest assured that there are many other ways to participate in the advancement and governance of The Bahamas.

A group of residents in a community can easily come together, approach their public school, and start an after school literacy program for the children falling behind, for example.

Simple initiatives such as these, if done by many individuals or by many groups, can do much to change the lives of the disadvantaged and the soon-to-be lost.

Elections are important; voting is important. But if you think the mainstream political parties are pathetic and the independents are incompetent, do not distress. You can exercise your democratic power everyday by doing something to help build the community.

3/30/2011

thenassauguardian editorial

Bahamas Blog International

Echoes of a General Strike

The Bahama Journal Editorial




For better or worse, there are lessons that always come with the struggle for power; whether this battle has to do with who gets to determine how money is spent in a household, in an organization anywhere civil society, in a firm or at the state level.

Even more simply, politics is about who gets what, when, where and how; in addition, it is also about the definition of that party or individual whose will must be obeyed.

In other words, then, as in our own fledgling democracy; the question today arises concerning whether the governing party should, would or could yield to demands currently being made by some of this nation’s union leadership.

Among the instruments they say they have is that one that allows them to withdraw their labor and that of their membership in the event that the governing party does not yield to their demands.

We seriously doubt that, they have this level of support.

In addition, the fact remains that, this is just not the way things are done in today’s Bahamas.

Indeed, while unions and their membership do have the right to protest any policy they see fit; and even though they do have the right to take the government to court, they do not have any real right to hold any government hostage.

And for sure, it is a fact that the governing party has a mandate to lead and that –as such – they are called upon to lead. They also have promises to be kept.

Clearly, then, no right-thinking government should ever put itself in a position where it must endlessly consult with everyone; or for that matter, anyone else other than those given a similar mandate by the people.

This comes as a direct result of the free vote and expression of the people in free and fair elections.

Thereafter, the government leads and its Loyal Opposition opposes; with one party having its sway and the other its say.

We dare say that, anything else is a clear invitation to both foolishness and anarchy.

While we do believe all of what we are saying; we hasten to add that, no government worth its salt would ever so paint itself into a corner by alienating the masses of people who identify themselves as workers.

But by the same token, union leadership must always be mindful that while they are called to lead, this call must always be tempered by what is in the very best interests of their followers.

What makes this situation so very important is the fact that workers are voters. This means that whenever they wish, they can bring a government to grief and despair. These workers who are also voters know as well as anyone else that the choices they make can determine whether one side wins or the other loses.

This means that when workers become restive enough, their approval of this or that politician matters greatly.

Compounding the matter in the Bahamian case is the fact that the Bahamian labor force is compact, well organized, knows and feels its power.

Politicians who wish to be re-elected cannot ignore these people and their demands.

No politician worth his salt would ever dare express contempt or disdain for those voters who are workers.

We make this obvious point as we try to make sense of what seems increased restiveness on the part of very many public sector workers.

On occasion, their main gripe seems to concern money. At other times, workers and their representatives seem to be preoccupied with matters germane to respect.

In addition, there are times like the ones in which we live where some union leaders seem to have reached that point where – like politicians in their guise as law-makers – they would pontificate on matters germane to policy.

Here they are embarked –as it were – on a journey without maps; and here we are reminded that, history does not repeat itself.

We make this point as we reflect on some of what is today being said about how today’s political climate is seemingly reminiscent of that era in the late 1950’s when there was both call and response to the idea of a General Strike.

That great call was made by Randol F. Fawkes, Clifford Darling and Lynden O. Pindling.

Out of this great struggle has come a modern Bahamas where the rights of workers are enshrined in the law.

This we do in free and fair elections.

All else is anathema.

In the final analysis, then, law-making and policy should be left where the Constitution places them – squarely and fully in the hands of this nation’s parliamentarians.

That is why we boast so much about the longevity of parliamentary democracy in the Bahamas.

January 06, 2011

The Bahama Journal Editorial

Bahamas Blog International

And Now, the People Speak

The Bahama Journal Editorial


Like others who work in media, we are always left gladdened when those who lead avail themselves of the services people like us package and deliver to a people in need of having access to information and commentary germane to all aspects of the people’s right to know.

In this regard, kudos are due this nation’s prime minister and his parliamentary opposite for the manner in which they have sought to bring the public into their debates about matters currently on the minds of the Bahamian people; here whether the reference made has to do with economic, social or cultural concerns.

Indeed, we make this point as we note the obvious; this being to the effect that, all roads political now run in that direction where the voice of the people will be heard in free and fair elections; and where as we are led to believe, the Rt. Hon. Perry G. Christie hopes to be squared off against the Rt. Hon. Hubert A. Ingraham.

In turn, these two men can expect the arrival of any number of other men and women who believe that the Bahamian people should choose one of them. And so, the time will come and the people will choose; and as they make up their minds, some of them will search out information that might help them. Here they will turn to media for this or that quantum of relevant information.

For as long as we can remember there have been those people who would –if they only could- fix this or that game. Such a crew of people can be found wherever and whenever games are there to be played.

Sadly, this is how some Bahamians would love to see happen in the political game that is operative in a fledgling democracy such as ours. The good thing here is that Bahamians need have no real fear; this due to the fact that, there is information galore available; much of it aimed at getting at the real truth behind this or that stated event or policy. This truth is evidently not lost on the men and women in the hierarchy of both the Progressive Liberal Party and its parliamentary opposite in the guise of the ruling Free National Movement.

Both parties are led by men who have been around long enough to know that the press has a vitally important role to play in helping preserve and grow our involvement with the role democracy can play in providing a people with governments that are truly theirs.

That we live in a democracy is sometimes treated as if this was obvious. Nothing could be further from the truth; the fact being that we live in a society where democracy and the rule of law are seen to provide guidelines and framework for the conduct of the people’s business.

And so the point we make is to the effect that, while we aspire to both democracy and the rule of law, there will always be some temptation or the other that might conspire to have those who lead stray away from that high mark where transparency, accountability are the known coins of the realm. But even as some politicians might wish to do as they see fit in a fledgling democracy such as the one we currently have; they do so at their peril.

Indeed, there is evidence galore to support the conclusion that, whenever they had to do what they felt was right, the Bahamian people have made their voices heard in no uncertain way.

This they do when they have a chance to sound out on relevant issues of the day on radio or by way of other media that are currently ubiquitous – as in the case of information mediated by way of the Internet.

Such is the power of this medium that any who believe that they could or should try to get away with any foolishness had better think again.

And for sure, we note –albeit in passing- that long gone are the days when media could be controlled by this or that political party – such being the necessary result of living in a time when the production, packaging and dissemination of information [political and otherwise] can be done by a broad cross-section of the citizenry.

And so, media matters all the more to men and women who would lead. None of this should however be read to suggest that, the day of the so-called mass rally is over; instead what we are suggesting is that, as the voting population expresses itself politically, some of them will gravitate to media that are close and intimate; while others will search out for other venues and other experiences.

But no matter the medium or the forum; the Bahamian people will speak and they will have the last word for all who would lead them anywhere!

November 23rd, 2010

The Bahama Journal Editorial

Bahamas Blog International